Eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule, abantu abaningi bebengeke bacabange ukuthi ukukhanya nempilo bekuzohlobana.Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yentuthuko, theUkukhanyisa kwe-LEDimboni ikhuphukile kusukela ekuphishekeleni ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya, ukonga amandla kanye nezindleko kuya esidingweni sekhwalithi yokukhanya, impilo ekhanyayo, ukukhanya kwe-biosafety kanye nemvelo yokukhanya.Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, izinkinga zokulimala kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi somuntu kanye nokulimala kwe-retinal yomuntu okubangelwa i-LED kuya kucaca nakakhulu, okwenza imboni ibone ukuthi ukuthandwa kokukhanya okunempilo kuyaphuthuma.

Isisekelo sebhayoloji sokukhanyisa kwezempilo

Ngokuvamile, ukukhanyisa kwezempilo kuwukuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono izimo zokusebenza, ukufunda nokuhlala kwabantu kanye nekhwalithi ngokukhanyisa kwe-LED, ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo engokwengqondo nengokwenyama.

Imiphumela yebhayoloji yokukhanya kubantu ingahlukaniswa ibe yimiphumela yokubuka kanye nemiphumela engabonwayo.

(1) Imiphumela ebonakalayo yokukhanya:

Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kudlula ku-cornea yeso futhi kuboniswe ku-retina nge-lens.Iguqulwa ibe yizimpawu zomzimba ngamaseli e-photoreceptor.Ngemva kokuyithola, i-optic nerve ikhiqiza umbono, ukuze yahlulele umbala, ukuma kanye nebanga lezinto ezisemkhathini.Ukubona kungase futhi kubangele indlela yokusabela kwengqondo yabantu, okuwumphumela ongokwengqondo wombono.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamangqamuzana abonwayo: enye i-cone cell, ezwa ukukhanya nombala;Uhlobo lwesibili amaseli amise okwenduku, akwazi ukuzwa ukukhanya kuphela, kodwa ukuzwela izikhathi eziyi-10000 kunangaphambili.

Izigigaba eziningi empilweni yansuku zonke zingezamandla okubuka ukukhanya:

Igumbi lokulala, igumbi lokudlela, isitolo sekhofi, ukukhanya kombala ofudumele (okufana nopinki nokunsomi ngokukhanyayo) kwenza indawo yonke ibe nomoya ofudumele futhi okhululekile, futhi kwenza isikhumba nobuso babantu kubukeke kunempilo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ehlobo, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza kuzokwenza abantu bazizwe bepholile;Ebusika, okubomvu kwenza abantu bazizwe befudumele.

Ukukhanyisa okumibalabala okunamandla kungenza umkhathi usebenze futhi ucace, futhi kwandise isimo semikhosi esiphithizelayo.

Amakamelo omndeni wanamuhla nawo avame ukusebenzisa izibani zokuhlobisa ezibomvu neziluhlaza ukuhlobisa igumbi lokuphumula kanye nesitolo sokudlela ukuze kwandiswe umoya ojabulisayo.

Ezinye izindawo zokudlela azinakho ukukhanya okuphelele noma ama-chandelier etafuleni.Basebenzisa kuphela ukukhanya kwekhandlela okubuthakathaka ukuze basuse umkhathi.

(2) Imiphumela engabonakali yokukhanya, ukutholakala kwe-iprgc:

Kunohlobo lwesithathu lwamaseli e-photoreceptor ku-retina yomuntu - amaseli e-retinal ganglion angaphakathi anesibopho sokulawula imiphumela engabonakali ngaphandle kokubona komzimba, njengomsebenzi wokuphatha isikhathi, ukuxhumanisa nokulawula isigqi somsebenzi wabantu kanye nama-amplitude ngezindlela ezahlukene. izinkathi zesikhathi.

Lo mphumela ongabonwa ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi i-sichen visual effect, eyatholwa ngu-Berson, uDunn noTakao baseBrown University ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ngo-2002. Ingenye yezinto eziyishumi eziphezulu ezitholwe emhlabeni ngo-2002.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umphumela ongabonwayo wamagundane asendlini ungu-465nm, kodwa kubantu, izifundo zofuzo zibonisa ukuthi kufanele zibe ngu-480 ~ 485nm (iziqongo zamaseli e-cone namaseli wenduku angama-555nm no-507nm, ngokulandelana).

(3) Isimiso se-iprgc esilawula iwashi lebhayoloji:

I-Iprgc inenethiwekhi yayo yokudluliselwa kwe-neural ebuchosheni bomuntu, ehluke kakhulu kunethiwekhi ye-visual neural transmission.Ngemva kokuthola ukukhanya, i-iprgc ikhiqiza amasignali e-bioelectric, adluliselwa ku-hypothalamus (RHT), bese ingena ku-nucleus ye-suprachiasmatic (SCN) kanye ne-extracerebral nerve nucleus (PVN) ukuze ifinyelele indlala ye-pineal.

I-pineal gland iyisikhungo sewashi lebhayoloji yobuchopho.Ikhiqiza i-melatonin.I-Melatonin ihlanganiswa futhi igcinwe ku-pineal gland.Injabulo yozwelo yenza amangqamuzana e-pineal akhulule i-melatonin egazini eligelezayo futhi enze ubuthongo bemvelo.Ngakho-ke, i-hormone ebalulekile yokulawula isigqi somzimba.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-melatonin kunesigqi esicacile se-circadian, esivinjelwa emini futhi sisebenze ebusuku.Kodwa-ke, i-excitability ye-nerve ezwelayo ihlobene eduze namandla nombala wokukhanya ofinyelela ku-pineal gland.Umbala okhanyayo kanye namandla okukhanya kuzothinta ukukhishwa nokukhululwa kwe-melatonin.

Ngokungeziwe ekulawuleni iwashi lebhayoloji, i-iprgc inomthelela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo yomuntu, umfutho wegazi, ukuphaphama namandla, konke okungokomphumela ongabonwa wokukhanya.Ukwengeza, umonakalo ongokomzimba obangelwa ukukhanya kufanele futhi kubalulwe ekubonakaleni kokukhanya.