I-LED, eyaziwa nangokuthi umthombo wokukhanyisa wesizukulwane sesine noma umthombo wokukhanya okuluhlaza, inezici zokonga amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ubude bempilo, kanye nosayizi omncane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nenkomba, isibonisi, umhlobiso, ukukhanya kwangemuva, ukukhanya okujwayelekile, nezigcawu zasebusuku zasemadolobheni. Ngokusho kwemisebenzi ehlukene yokusetshenziswa, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu: isibonisi solwazi, izibani zesignali, izinto zokukhanyisa izimoto, ukukhanya kwesikrini se-LCD, nokukhanyisa okuvamile.
Izibani ze-LED ezivamile zinokushiyeka njengokukhanya okwanele, okuholela ekudumeni okwanele. Amalambu e-LED ohlobo lwamandla anezinzuzo ezifana nokukhanya okuphezulu nempilo ende yesevisi, kodwa anobunzima bobuchwepheshe obufana nokupakisha. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya okufushane kwezinto ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna ukukhanya kohlobo lwamandla okufakwayo kwe-LED.

1. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha ukushisa
Kuma-diode akhipha ukukhanya akhiwe ama-junctions e-PN, lapho i-forward yamanje igeleza empambanweni ye-PN, i-PN junction ihlangabezana nokulahlekelwa ukushisa. Lokhu kushisa kukhishwa emoyeni ngokusebenzisa i-adhesive, i-encapsulation materials, amasinki okushisa, njll. Phakathi nale nqubo, ingxenye ngayinye yezinto ezibonakalayo ine-impedance yokushisa evimbela ukugeleza kokushisa, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukumelana nokushisa. Ukumelana nokushisa kuyinani eligxilile elinqunywa usayizi, ukwakheka, nezinto zokwakha zocingo.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi ukumelana nokushisa kwe-diode ekhipha ukukhanya kungu-Rth (℃/W) futhi amandla okukhipha ukushisa yi-PD (W), ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-PN junction okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwamanje yilokhu:
T (℃)=Rth&TImes; PD
Izinga lokushisa le-PN junction lithi:
TJ=TA+Rth&TImes; PD
Phakathi kwazo, i-TA yizinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lokuhlangana, amathuba okuhlanganiswa kabusha kwe-luminescence ye-PN ayancipha, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhanya kwe-diode ekhipha ukukhanya. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa, ukukhanya kwe-diode ekhipha ukukhanya ngeke kusaqhubeka nokukhula ngokulinganayo nesimanje, okubonisa into ethile yokugcwala okushisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izinga lokushisa lendawo ehlanganayo likhuphuka, ubude begagasi obuphakeme bokukhanya okukhishiwe buzophinde buguqukele kumaza amade, cishe u-0.2-0.3 nm/℃. Kuma-LED amhlophe atholwe ngokuxuba impushana ye-YAG fluorescent ehlanganiswe nama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhukhuleka kwe-wavelength yokukhanya okuluhlaza kuzodala ukungafani nobude begagasi obujabulisayo bempushana ye-fluorescent, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo okuphelele kwama-LED amhlophe futhi kubangele izinguquko kumbala okhanyayo omhlophe. izinga lokushisa.
Kuma-diode akhipha ukukhanya kwamandla, amandla okushayela ngokuvamile ama-milliamp angamakhulu ambalwa noma ngaphezulu, futhi ukuminyana kwamanje kwe-PN junction kuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-PN junction kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokupakishwa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, indlela yokunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa komkhiqizo ukuze ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-PN junction kungahlakazwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanje nokukhanya komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukwethembeka kanye impilo yomkhiqizo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nokushisa komkhiqizo, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokupakisha kubaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi amasinki okushisa, ama-adhesives, njll. Ukumelana nokushisa kwempahla ngayinye kufanele kube phansi, okudinga ukuqhutshwa okuhle kokushisa. Okwesibili, ukuklama kwesakhiwo kufanele kube okunengqondo, ngokuhambisana okuqhubekayo kwe-conductivity yokushisa phakathi kwezinto kanye nokuxhumana okuhle kwe-thermal phakathi kwezinto zokugwema amabhodlela okukhipha ukushisa eziteshini ezishisayo nokuqinisekisa ukuchithwa kokushisa kusuka ngaphakathi kuya ezingqimbeni zangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa kusukela enkambisweni ukuthi ukushisa kukhishwa ngesikhathi esifanele ngokusho kweziteshi zokushisa eziklanyelwe ngaphambili.

2. Ukukhethwa kokugcwalisa okunamathelayo
Ngokomthetho we-refraction, lapho ukukhanya kuyisigameko kusuka endaweni eminyene kuya endaweni eyi-sparse medium, ukuphuma okugcwele kwenzeka lapho i-engeli yesigameko ifinyelela inani elithile, okungukuthi, elikhulu noma elilingana ne-engeli ebucayi. Kuma-chips aluhlaza we-GaN, inkomba yokuphinda yenzeke yento ye-GaN ingu-2.3. Uma ukukhanya kukhishwa ngaphakathi kwekristalu kuya emoyeni, ngokomthetho we-refraction, i-engeli ebalulekile θ 0=sin-1 (n2/n1).
Phakathi kwazo, i-n2 ilingana no-1, okuyinkomba ye-refractive yomoya, futhi n1 iyinkomba ye-refractive ye-GaN. Ngakho-ke, i-engeli ebucayi θ 0 ibalwa ukuze ibe cishe amadigri angu-25.8. Kulesi simo, ukukhanya okungakhishwa ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwe-engeli eqinile yendawo engu-≤ 25.8 degrees. Ngokwemibiko, ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum yangaphandle yama-chips e-GaN njengamanje kucishe kube ngama-30% -40%. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokumuncwa kwangaphakathi kwekristalu ye-chip, isilinganiso sokukhanya esingakhishwa ngaphandle kwekristalu sincane kakhulu. Ngokwemibiko, ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum yangaphandle yama-chips e-GaN njengamanje kucishe kube ngama-30% -40%. Ngokufanayo, ukukhanya okukhishwa yi-chip kudinga ukudlula ezintweni zokupakisha futhi kudluliselwe esikhaleni, futhi umthelela wezinto ezibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kahle kokuvuna ukukhanya nawo udinga ukucatshangelwa.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna ukukhanya kokupakishwa komkhiqizo we-LED, kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani le-n2, okungukuthi, ukwandisa inkomba ye-refractive yezinto zokupakisha, ukuze kwandiswe i-angle ebalulekile yomkhiqizo futhi ngaleyo ndlela. thuthukisa ukupakishwa ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo komkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impahla ye-encapsulation kufanele ibe nokumuncwa okuncane kokukhanya. Ukuze ukwandise isilinganiso sokukhanya okukhishiwe, kungcono ukuba ne-arched noma i-hemispherical shape yokupakisha. Ngale ndlela, lapho ukukhanya kukhishwa kokupakishwayo kuye emoyeni, cishe ku-perpendicular interface futhi akusabonakali ngokuphelele.

3. Ukucubungula i-reflection
Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwe-reflection: enye yindlela yokwelapha yokubonisa ngaphakathi kwe-chip, kanti enye iwukuvezwa kokukhanya ngento yokupakisha. Ngokwelashwa kokubili kokubonisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ingxenye yokukhanya okukhishwa ngaphakathi kwe-chip iyakhula, ukumuncwa ngaphakathi kwe-chip kuyancishiswa, kanye nokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwamandla emikhiqizo ye-LED kuyathuthukiswa. Mayelana nokupakishwa, ama-LED ohlobo lwamandla ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ama-chips ohlobo lwamandla kubakaki bensimbi noma ama-substrates anezimbotshana ezikhanyayo. Imbobo ekhanyayo yohlobo lwebakaki ivamise ukugqitshwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokubonisa, kuyilapho uhlobo lwe-substrate olubonisa indawo ngokuvamile luyapholishwa futhi lungase lwenziwe ukwelashwa nge-electroplating uma izimo zivuma. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezimbili ezingenhla zithintwa ukunemba kwesikhunta kanye nenqubo, futhi i-cavity ekhanyayo ecutshungulwayo inomphumela othile wokubonisa, kodwa ayilungile. Njengamanje, ekukhiqizweni kwemigodi ekhanyayo yohlobo lwe-substrate e-China, ngenxa yokunemba okwanele kokupholisha noma i-oxidation yezingubo zensimbi, umphumela wokubonisa awulungile. Lokhu kuphumela ekumunceni kokukhanya okuningi ngemva kokufinyelela endaweni ekhanyayo, engakwazi ukuboniswa endaweni ekhipha ukukhanya njengoba kulindelekile, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokuvuna ukukhanya ngemva kokupakishwa kokugcina.

4. Ukukhethwa kanye Nokugcotshwa Kwe-Fluorescent Powder
Ngamandla amhlophe e-LED, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kuhlobene nokukhethwa kwe-fluorescent powder kanye nokwelashwa kwenqubo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-fluorescent powder excitation yama-chips aluhlaza, ukukhethwa kwempushana ye-fluorescent kufanele kufanele, okuhlanganisa ubude be-excitation wavelength, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukusebenza kahle kwe-excitation, njll., kanye nokuhlola okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kucatshangelwe izici ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza. Okwesibili, ukumbozwa kwempuphu ye-fluorescent kufanele kufane, okungcono kube nogqinsi olufanayo lwesendlalelo sokunamathisela endaweni ngayinye ekhipha ukukhanya ye-chip, ukugwema ukushuba okungalingani okungase kubangele ukukhanya kwendawo ukuthi kungakwazi ukukhishwa, futhi kuphinde kuthuthukise ukukhanya. ikhwalithi yendawo yokukhanya.

Uhlolojikelele:
Idizayini enhle yokukhipha ukushisa idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwemikhiqizo ye-LED yamandla, futhi iyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa impilo yomkhiqizo nokuthembeka. Ishaneli yokukhipha ukukhanya eklanywe kahle, egxile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokwelashwa kwenqubo yemigodi ekhanyayo, izinamathiselo zokugcwalisa, njll., ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuvuna ukukhanya kohlobo lwamandla e-LED. Ohlotsheni lwamandla e-LED emhlophe, ukukhethwa kwempushana ye-fluorescent kanye nomklamo wenqubo nakho kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni usayizi wendawo nokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo.