Bangaki ososayensi bokulinganisa abadingekayo ukuze kulinganiswe isibani se-LED? Kubacwaningi be-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) e-United States, le nombolo iyingxenye yalokho ebiyikho emasontweni ambalwa edlule. NgoJuni, i-NIST isiqalile ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulinganisa ezisheshayo, ezinembe kakhudlwana, nezonga abasebenzi zokuhlola ukukhanya kwezibani ze-LED neminye imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa yesimo esiqinile. Amakhasimende ale sevisi ahlanganisa abakhiqizi bokukhanya kwe-LED namanye amalabhorethri okulinganisa. Isibonelo, isibani esilinganisiwe singaqinisekisa ukuthi isibani se-LED esilingana nama-watt angu-60 kusibani sedeski silingana ngempela nama-watts angu-60, noma siqinisekise ukuthi umshayeli wendiza yokulwa unokukhanya okufanele kwendlela yezindiza.

Abakhiqizi be-LED kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi izibani abazenzayo zikhanya ngempela njengoba ziklanywe. Ukuze ufeze lokhu, linganisa lezi zibani nge-photometer, okuyithuluzi elikwazi ukukala ukukhanya kuwo wonke amaza obude kuyilapho ucabangela ukuzwela kwemvelo kweso lomuntu emibaleni ehlukene. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ilabhorethri yezithombe ye-NIST ibihlangabezana nezidingo zemboni ngokuhlinzeka ngokukhanya kwe-LED nezinsizakalo zokulinganiswa kwesithombe. Le sevisi ihlanganisa ukukala ukukhanya kwe-LED yekhasimende nezinye izibani zesimo esiqinile, kanye nokulinganisa i-photometer yekhasimende. Kuze kube manje, ilabhorethri ye-NIST ibikala ukukhanya kwebulb ngokungaqiniseki okuphansi, ngephutha eliphakathi kuka-0.5% no-1.0%, eliqhathaniseka nezinsizakalo zokulinganisa ezijwayelekile.
Manje, ngenxa yokulungiswa kabusha kwelabhorethri, Ithimba le-NIST likuphinde kathathu lokhu kungaqiniseki kwaba ngu-0.2% noma ngaphansi. Le mpumelelo yenza ukukhanya kwe-LED entsha kanye nesevisi yokulinganisa i-photometer ibe ngenye ehamba phambili emhlabeni. Ososayensi nabo basifinyeze kakhulu isikhathi sokulinganisa. Kumasistimu amadala, ukwenza ukulinganisa kumakhasimende kungathatha cishe usuku lonke. Umcwaningi we-NIST uCameron Miller uthe umsebenzi omningi usetshenziselwa ukusetha ukulinganisa ngakunye, esikhundleni semithombo yokukhanya noma izithonjana, ukuhlola mathupha ibanga eliphakathi kwakho kokubili, bese ulungisa kabusha okokusebenza ukuze kukale okulandelayo.
Kodwa manje, ilabhorethri inamathebula amabili emishini ezenzakalelayo, elilodwa elomthombo wokukhanya nelinye elomtshina. Ithebula lihamba ohlelweni lwethrekhi futhi libeka umtshina noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-5 wamamitha kude nokukhanya. Ibanga lingalawulwa phakathi kwezingxenye ezingu-50 esigidini semitha eyodwa (micrometer), cishe ingxenye yobubanzi bezinwele zomuntu. U-Zong no-Miller bangahlela amatafula ukuze bahambisane ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela kwabantu okuqhubekayo. Bekuthatha usuku, kodwa manje sekungaqedwa phakathi namahora ambalwa. Akusadingi ukushintshwa kwanoma iyiphi imishini, yonke into isikhona futhi ingasetshenziswa noma nini, inikeze abacwaningi inkululeko enkulu yokwenza izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngoba i-automated ngokuphelele.
Ungabuyela ehhovisi uyokwenza omunye umsebenzi ngesikhathi lisasebenza. Abacwaningi be-NIST babikezela ukuthi isisekelo samakhasimende sizokhula njengoba ilabhorethri yengeze izici ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, idivayisi entsha ingakwazi ukulinganisa amakhamera e-hyperspectral, akala ubude beza beza bokukhanya obuningi kakhulu kunamakhamera avamile ngokuvamile athwebula kuphela imibala emithathu kuya kwemine. Kusukela ekucabangeni kwezokwelapha kuya ekuhlaziyeni izithombe zesathelayithi Zomhlaba, amakhamera e-hyperspectral aya ngokuya aduma. Ulwazi olunikezwa amakhamera e-hyperspectral asemkhathini mayelana nesimo sezulu soMhlaba nezimila lwenza ososayensi bakwazi ukubikezela indlala nezikhukhula, futhi lungasiza imiphakathi ekuhleleni usizo oluphuthumayo kanye nezinhlekelele. Ilabhorethri entsha futhi ingenza kube lula futhi kusebenze kahle kubacwaningi ukulinganisa izibonisi ze-smartphone, kanye nezibonisi ze-TV nekhompyutha.

Ibanga elilungile
Ukuze balinganise i-photometer yekhasimende, Ososayensi kwa-NIST basebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya kwe-broadband ukuze bakhanyisele izitholi, empeleni eziwukukhanya okumhlophe okunamaza wamaza amaza amaningi (imibala), futhi ukukhanya kwawo kucace kakhulu ngoba izilinganiso zenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-photometer ajwayelekile we-NIST. Ngokungafani nama-laser, lolu hlobo lokukhanya okumhlophe aluhambisani, okusho ukuthi konke ukukhanya kwamaza ahlukene ahlukene akuvumelanisiwe. Esimeni esikahle, ukuze kulinganiswe okunembe kakhulu, abacwaningi bazosebenzisa amalaser aguqulekayo ukuze bakhiqize ukukhanya ngamaza obude obulawulekayo, ukuze kube ubude beza obubodwa bokukhanya obukhanyiswa kumtshina ngesikhathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-laser aguqulekayo kukhulisa isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo wesilinganiso.
Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esidlule, ama-laser aguqulekayo ayengasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ama-photometers ngenxa yokuthi ama-laser e-wavelength eyodwa ayeziphazamisa ngokwawo ngendlela eyengeza amanani ahlukene omsindo kusiginali ngokusekelwe kubude begagasi obusetshenzisiwe. Njengengxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwelabhorethri, i-Zong idale idizayini ye-photometer eyenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo eyehlisa lo msindo ufinyelele ezingeni elinganakwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-lasers ashuthekayo okokuqala ngqa ukulinganisa ama-photometer ngokungaqiniseki okuncane. Inzuzo eyengeziwe yomklamo omusha ukuthi yenza imishini yokukhanyisa kube lula ukuyihlanza, njengoba indawo yokuvula enhle manje isivikelwe ngemuva kwefasitela lengilazi elivaliwe. Ukulinganisa ukuqina kudinga ulwazi olunembile lokuthi umtshina ukude kangakanani nomthombo wokukhanya.
Kuze kube manje, njengamanye amalabhorethri amaningi e-photometry, ilabhorethri ye-NIST ayikabi nayo indlela enembayo ephezulu yokulinganisa leli banga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imbobo yomtshina, lapho ukukhanya kuqoqwa khona, kucashe kakhulu ukuthi kuthintwa umshini wokulinganisa. Isixazululo esivamile ukuthi abacwaningi baqale balinganise ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya futhi bakhanyise indawo ethile ngendawo ethile. Okulandelayo, sebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze unqume lawa mabanga usebenzisa umthetho oyisikwele ophambene, ochaza ukuthi ukushuba komthombo wokukhanya kwehla kanjani ngokukhula kwebanga. Lesi silinganiso esiyizinyathelo ezimbili akulula ukusisisebenzisa futhi sethula ukungaqiniseki okwengeziwe. Ngesistimu entsha, ithimba manje lingashiya indlela yesikwele ephambene futhi linqume ngokuqondile ibanga.
Le ndlela isebenzisa ikhamera esekelwe ngesibonakhulu, nesibonakhulu esihlezi endaweni yomthombo wokukhanya futhi sigxile kumaka okuma endaweni yesibonisi. Isibonakhulu sesibili sitholakala ebhentshini lokusebenza lomtshina futhi sigxile kumaka okuma endaweni yokusebenzela yomthombo wokukhanya. Nquma ibanga ngokulungisa indawo yokungena yomtshina kanye nendawo yomthombo wokukhanya ekugxileni kwamamicroscopes awo. Imakroskopu azwela kakhulu ekususeni ukugxila, futhi angabona ngisho nama-micrometer ambalwa. Isilinganiso esisha sebanga futhi senza abacwaningi bakwazi ukukala "ukuqina kweqiniso" kwama-LED, okuyinombolo ehlukile ebonisa ukuthi inani lokukhanya elikhishwa ama-LED lizimele ebangeni.
Ngokungeziwe kulezi zici ezintsha, ososayensi be-NIST baphinde bengeza amathuluzi athile, njengedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-goniometer engazungezisa izibani ze-LED ukuze zilinganise ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okukhishwayo kuma-engeli ahlukene. Ezinyangeni ezizayo, uMiller noZong bathemba ukusebenzisa i-spectrophotometer ngesevisi entsha: ukulinganisa ukuphuma kwe-ultraviolet (UV) kwama-LED. Ukusetshenziswa okungase kube khona kwe-LED ekukhiqizeni imisebe ye-ultraviolet kuhlanganisa ukudla okukhipha imisebe ukuze kunwebe isikhathi sakho seshalofu, kanye nokubulala amagciwane namathuluzi ezokwelapha. Ngokwesiko, imisebe yezohwebo isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okukhishwa amalambu omphunga wemercury.