1. Umphumela we-Photobiological
Ukuxoxa ngodaba lokuphepha kwe-photobiological, isinyathelo sokuqala ukucacisa imiphumela ye-photobiological. Izazi ezehlukene zinezincazelo ezihlukene zencazelo yemiphumela ye-photobiological, engabhekisela ekusebenzelaneni okuhlukahlukene phakathi kokukhanya nezinto eziphilayo. Kulesi sihloko, sixoxa kuphela ngokusabela komzimba womuntu okubangelwa ukukhanya.
Umthelela wemiphumela ye-photobiological emzimbeni womuntu unezici eziningi. Ngokwezinqubo ezihlukene kanye nemiphumela yemiphumela ye-photobiological, zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe izigaba ezintathu: imiphumela yokubuka yokukhanya, imiphumela engabonakali yokukhanya, nemithelela yemisebe yokukhanya.
Umthelela obonakalayo wokukhanya ubhekisela emthelela wokukhanya embonweni, okuwumphumela oyisisekelo kakhulu wokukhanya. Impilo ebonakalayo iyisidingo esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhanyisa. Izinto ezithinta imithelela yokubuka yokukhanya zihlanganisa ukukhanya, ukusabalaliswa kwendawo, ukunikezwa kombala, ukuxhopha, izici zombala, izici zokucwayiza, njll., okungabangela ukukhathala kwamehlo, ukubona okufiphele, kanye nokuncipha kokusebenza kahle emisebenzini ehlobene nokubonwayo.
Imiphumela engabonakali yokukhanya ibhekisela ekuphenduleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo komzimba womuntu okubangelwa ukukhanya, okuhlobene nokusebenza kahle kwabantu, umuzwa wokulondeka, ukunethezeka, impilo engokomzimba nengokomzwelo. Ucwaningo lwemiphumela engabonwayo yokukhanya luqale sekwephuzile kakhulu, kodwa luthuthuke ngokushesha. Kuhlelo lwanamuhla lokuhlola ikhwalithi yokukhanyisa, imiphumela yokukhanya engabonakali ibe yinto ebalulekile engenakuzitshwa.
Umthelela wemisebe wokukhanya ubhekisela emonakalweni odalwe ezicutshini zomuntu ngenxa yemiphumela yamaza ahlukene emisebe yokukhanya esikhumbeni, i-cornea, ilensi, i-retina, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Umthelela wemisebe wokukhanya ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ngokusekelwe endleleni yokusebenza kwayo: ukulimala kwe-photochemical kanye nokulimala kwemisebe eshisayo. Ngokukhethekile, kuhlanganisa izingozi ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezingozi zamakhemikhali e-UV ezivela emithonjeni yokukhanya, ubungozi bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-retinal, nobungozi bokushisa kwesikhumba.
Umzimba womuntu ngokwezinga elithile ungamelana noma ulungise imiphumela yalokhu kulimala, kodwa lapho umphumela wemisebe yokukhanya ufinyelela umkhawulo othile, ikhono lomzimba lokuzilungisa alanele ukulungisa lokhu kulimala, futhi umonakalo uzonqwabelana, okuholela emiphumeleni engenakulungiseka efana nale. njengokulahlekelwa umbono, izilonda ze-retina, ukulimala kwesikhumba, njll.
Sekukonke, kukhona ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto eziningi kanye nezindlela zempendulo ezinhle nezingezinhle phakathi kwempilo yabantu nendawo yokukhanya. Imiphumela yokukhanya ezintweni eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi emzimbeni womuntu, ihlobene nezici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nobude beza, ukuqina, izimo zokusebenza, kanye nesimo somzimba.
Inhloso yokufunda imiphumela ye-photobiology ukuhlola izici ezihlobene phakathi kwemiphumela ye-photobiology nendawo ekhanyayo nesimo sebhayoloji, ukuhlonza izici eziyingozi ezingalimaza impilo nezici ezinhle ezingasetshenziswa, ukufuna izinzuzo nokugwema ukulimala, futhi unike amandla ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwe-optics nesayensi yempilo.

2. I-Photobiosafety
Umqondo we-photobiosafety ungaqondwa ngezindlela ezimbili: emincane futhi ebanzi. Ngokuchazwa kancane, “i-photobiosafety” ibhekisela ezindabeni zokuphepha ezibangelwa imisebe yokukhanya, kuyilapho kuchazwa kabanzi, “i-photobiosafety” ibhekisela ezindabeni zokuphepha ezibangelwa imisebe yokukhanya empilweni yomuntu, okuhlanganisa imiphumela ebonakalayo yokukhanya, imiphumela engabonakali yokukhanya. , kanye nemiphumela yemisebe yokukhanya.
Ohlelweni olukhona locwaningo lwe-photobiosafety, into yocwaningo ye-photobiosafety ukukhanyisa noma ukuboniswa kwemishini, futhi okuhlosiwe kwe-photobiosafety izitho ezifana namehlo noma isikhumba somzimba womuntu, okubonakala njengezinguquko kumingcele ye-physiological efana nezinga lokushisa lomzimba kanye nobubanzi bomfundi. . Ucwaningo lwe-photobiosafety lugxile kakhulu ezindleleni ezintathu ezinkulu: ukulinganisa nokuhlolwa kwemisebe ye-photobiosafety ekhiqizwa imithombo yokukhanya, ubudlelwano bobuningi phakathi kwe-photoradiation nokusabela komuntu, kanye nemikhawulo nezindlela zokuvikela emisebeni ye-photobiosafety.
Imisebe yokukhanya ekhiqizwa imithombo yokukhanya ehlukene iyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo, kanye nobubanzi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokukhanyisa nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obuhlakaniphile, imithombo emisha yokukhanya ehlakaniphile efana nemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, imithombo yokukhanya ye-OLED, nemithombo yokukhanya ye-laser izosetshenziswa kancane kancane ezimweni zasekhaya, ezentengiso, zezokwelapha, zehhovisi, noma ezikhethekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo yokukhanya evamile, imithombo emisha yokukhanya ehlakaniphile inamandla emisebe aqinile kanye nokucaciswa okuphezulu kwe-spectral. Ngakho-ke, enye yezikhombisi-ndlela ocwaningweni lokuphepha kwezithombe ukucwaninga kokulinganisa noma izindlela zokuhlola zokuphepha kwesithombe semithombo yokukhanya emisha, njengocwaningo lokuphepha kwebhayoloji kwamalambu aphambili ezimoto kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lwempilo yomuntu nokunethezeka. imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ye-semiconductor.
Ukusabela komzimba okubangelwa amaza ahlukene emisebe yokukhanya esebenza ezithweni ezihlukene zomuntu noma izicubu nakho kuyahlukahluka. Njengoba umzimba womuntu uwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, ukuchaza ngokwesilinganiso ubudlelwano phakathi kwemisebe yokukhanya kanye nokusabela komuntu nakho kungenye yezinkomba ezihamba phambili ocwaningweni lwe-photobiosafety, njengomthelela kanye nokusetshenziswa kokukhanya kusigqi sokuphila komuntu, kanye nodaba lokukhanya. umthamo wokuqina obangela imiphumela engabonakali.
Inhloso yokwenza ucwaningo ngokuphepha kwe-photobiological ukugwema ukulimala okubangelwa ukuchayeka komuntu emisebeni yokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo ekuphepheni kwesithombe sebhayoloji kanye nemiphumela yebhayoloji yesithombe semithombo yokukhanya, amazinga okukhanya ahambisanayo nezindlela zokuvikela ziyaphakanyiswa, futhi kuhlongozwa amasu omklamo womkhiqizo wokukhanyisa ophephile futhi onempilo, okuphinde kube ngesinye sezikhombisi-ndlela zesithombe. ucwaningo lokuphepha kwebhayoloji, olufana nokuklanywa kwezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezempilo zemikhumbi-mkhathi emikhulu enomuntu, ucwaningo ngokukhanya kwezempilo nezinhlelo zokubonisa, kanye nocwaningo lokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamafilimu okuvikela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwempilo ekhanyayo nokuphepha kokukhanya.

3. Amabhendi we-Photobiosafety nezindlela
Ibanga lamabhande emisebe yokukhanya abandakanyekayo ekuphepheni kwe-photobiological ikakhulukazi lihlanganisa amaza kagesi asuka ku-200nm kuya ku-3000nm. Ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-wavelength, imisebe ye-optical ingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalayo, nemisebe ye-infrared. Imiphumela engokomzimba ekhiqizwa imisebe ye-electromagnetic yamaza ahlukene ayifani ngokuphelele.
Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet ibhekisela emisebeni kagesi enobude obuyi-100nm-400nm. Iso lomuntu alikwazi ukubona ubukhona bemisebe ye-ultraviolet, kodwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet inomthelela omkhulu ku-physiology yomuntu. Lapho kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-ultraviolet esikhumbeni, ingabangela i-vasodilation, okuholela ekubeni bomvu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungabangela ukoma, ukulahlekelwa ukunwebeka, nokuguga kwesikhumba. Lapho imisebe ye-ultraviolet isetshenziswa emehlweni, ingase ibangele i-keratitis, conjunctivitis, cataracts, njll, ibangele ukulimala kwamehlo.
Imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalayo ngokuvamile ibhekisela kumaza kagesi anobude obungamaza asukela ku-380-780nm. Imiphumela yokuphila kokukhanya okubonakalayo emzimbeni womuntu ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa ukusha kwesikhumba, i-erythema, nokulimala kwamehlo njengokulimala kokushisa kanye ne-retinitis okubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ikakhulukazi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okunamandla aphezulu asuka ku-400nm kuya ku-500nm kungabangela ukulimala kwe-photochemical ku-retina futhi kusheshise ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation yamaseli endaweni ye-macular. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuwukukhanya okuyingozi kakhulu okubonakalayo.